China – Twentieth Century

The Japanese Homefront (Ken Magazine, 1938)

This 1938 article concerned the gas rationing and and other assorted inconveniences that the Japanese population had to suffer during the Sino-Japanese conflict. The reporter was surprised to discover that the general citizenry was kept in a reasonable state of ignorance as to their military’s intentions in China:



Some attention is paid to the sacrifices made by the Japanese industrial classes, such as the Yasuda, Iwasaki, and Mitsui families.

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Zhang Zuolin: Chinese Strong Man (The Nation, 1927)

An interview with Zhang Zuolin (1873 – 1928), the Chinese warlord who oversaw Manchuria and much of North China during the last fifteen years of his life. The article was written by the old China-based correspondent Randall Gould.

Marshall Zhang, drawn to Peking from his native Mukden ‘to cooperate with the foreign ministers in saving China from Bolshevism’, talks in terms of nations but continues to think in terms of provinces. Anyone who has spent half an hour with him knows this. The Strong Man of Mukden has improved his propaganda vocabulary but he is using the same old brain – shrewd, keen, but sharply limited.

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Japan Calls It Quits (Newsweek Magazine, 1945)

In a dismal forest near Vladivostok, Japanese commanders removed their caps, bowed low, and surrendered their entire Manchurian forces to the Russians… Growing numbers of enemy troops threw away their arms and joined the long lines of ragged Japs trudging down dusty Manchurian roads to Soviet Prison stockades. When a number of of Jap officers objected to the wholesale surrender, they were killed by their own men.


Among the surrendered was the Japanese puppet, Henry Pu Yi (1906 – 1967), eleventh and last Emperor of the Qing dynasty.

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Manchukuo (New Outlook Magazine, 1932)

This article heralds the creation of a new nation – the short lived puppet state of Manchukuo. Carved out of portions of Japanese-occupied Manchuria in 1932, the country was created by Imperial Japan in order to serve as an industrial province from which they could continue their military adventures in China. A good deal of column space pertains to a silver tongued Japanese Foreign Minister named Count Uchida Kōsai (1865 – 1936) and how he attempted to justify Manchukuo before the outraged members of the League of Nations – when the League declared that Manchuria was Chinese, Uchida withdrew Japan from membership in the League..

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Nanking Ravaged (Ken Magazine, 1938)

The occupation of Nanking by the Japanese army in December, 1937, resulted in the greatest authenticated massacre in modern history.

Fifty thousand blood-crazed beasts in Japanese uniforms roamed China’s fallen capital for four weeks in a mad Saturnalia of butchery, rape and pillage without parallel in modern history. That story, suppressed by the Japanese military who chased news correspondents and foreign officials out of Nanking, is told for the first time by one of the few Americans who remained, a ‘go-between’ for the U.S. Government with 20 years of service in China. He saw roped bundles of humanity saturated with gasoline and ignited for a Nipponese holiday.

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Chinese Slave Labor Under The Boot of Japan (Pathfinder Magazine, 1945)

By 1945 the Japanese Army was beginning to see the writing on the wall insofar as their occupation of China was concerned. With the collapse of Germany they knew they could expect the Soviets to attack at any time – this foreboding inspired them to corral greater numbers of hapless Chinese and force them to build barricades in order to postpone the inevitable.

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